Prague’s Jewish Quarter, known as Josefov, is a treasure trove of history, culture, and spirituality, making it a must-visit for anyone traveling to the city. Located between the Old Town Square and the Vltava River, this district offers a glimpse into the lives of Prague’s Jewish community, which has flourished here for centuries despite periods of persecution. Josefov is home to some of the most well-preserved Jewish monuments in Europe, including synagogues, museums, and one of the oldest Jewish cemeteries in the world.
One of the most iconic landmarks in Josefov is the Old-New Synagogue (Staronová synagoga), which dates back to the 13th century. It is the oldest active synagogue in Europe and remains a place of worship to this day. Its Gothic architecture and solemn interior offer a powerful sense of history. Legend has it that the attic of the Old-New Synagogue once housed the remains of the legendary Golem of Prague, a mystical figure said to have been created by Rabbi Judah Loew ben Bezalel in the 16th century to protect the Jewish community from anti-Semitic attacks. Though the Golem’s body is said to have been hidden away, many believe its spirit still lingers in the synagogue.
The Jewish Cemetery in Josefov is another must-see destination. Established in the early 15th century, it is one of the oldest surviving Jewish burial grounds in Europe. Due to limited space, the graves are stacked upon one another, with over 12,000 visible tombstones, some leaning or crumbling from the weight of time. Walking through the cemetery is a moving experience, and the gravestone of Rabbi Loew, the spiritual leader associated with the Golem legend, is a popular pilgrimage site for those seeking blessings or spiritual guidance.
In addition to its historical landmarks, Josefov is also home to the Jewish Museum, which encompasses several synagogues and exhibits showcasing Jewish culture, religion, and artifacts. The Spanish Synagogue, with its stunning Moorish Revival design, is particularly famous for its intricate interior, while the Maisel Synagogue offers exhibits detailing the long and complex history of Jews in Bohemia and Moravia. Visitors can also learn about Jewish traditions, rituals, and the impact of World War II on Prague’s Jewish population, which saw most of its community perish in the Holocaust.
Josefov’s rich history is not without its darker tales. A famous local legend tells of the Jewish Cemetery's "Black Rabbi", a ghostly figure who is said to wander through the cemetery at night. According to the legend, this rabbi was punished for trying to defy the natural order of life and death by raising the dead. Now, his spirit is doomed to roam the grounds, guarding the souls of those buried there.
Despite its sometimes somber history, Josefov remains a vibrant and essential part of Prague’s cultural fabric. The district offers visitors not only a chance to reflect on the resilience of the Jewish community but also an opportunity to appreciate the beauty and diversity of Jewish heritage. From exploring ancient synagogues to wandering through the peaceful cemetery, Josefov provides a deeply meaningful experience that resonates with history and legend alike.
Visiting the Jewish Quarter in Prague is a journey through centuries of faith, tragedy, and perseverance. Whether you're interested in the legends of the Golem or simply want to explore the historical and architectural wonders, Josefov offers a unique and enriching experience that will leave a lasting impression.